1. Which of the following statements about slavery is true?
a. It had existed all over the world in various forms for thousands of years.
b. It first began in Africa in the 1500s and then spread to others parts of the world.
c. It existed only in Africa before the sixteenth century.
d. It began with the Spanish and Portuguese transatlantic slave trade.

2. Which of the following best describes why Africans could have sold other Africans into slavery?
a. They thought of themselves in terms of tribal groups, such as Edo or Songhai, not as Africans.
b. They had extra slaves that they did not need and decided to trade them.
c. They wanted slaves to convert to Islam or Christianity.
d. All of the above

3. Which of the following is not true about the Portuguese slave trade?
a. The Portuguese continued the trans-Saharan slave trade to the Muslim world.
b. It began with Portuguese merchants buying slaves from the king of Benin.
c. The slave trade accelerated when the Portuguese began growing sugar in Brazil.
d. Other peoples along the west coast of Africa began to sell captives to the Portuguese.
e. The Spanish hired Portuguese merchants to transport African slaves to the New World.

4. Which of the following best describes the Middle Passage?
a. It was the ceremony that marked a young Africans entry into adulthood.
b. It was the journey slaves took from the interior of Africa to cargo ships waiting on the Gold Coast.
c. It refers to the transportation of African slaves across the Sahara to the Muslim states of the Middle East.
d. It was the middle leg of a three-legged journey, a leg in which slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas.

5. Which statements accurately describe the toll of the Middle Passage?



Choose all answers that are correct.
a. European traders were more interested in transporting sugar or tobacco to the Americas.
b. More slaves continued to be transported to the lands of the Middle East than to the Americas.
c. It involved the mistreatment of millions of slaves captured over the course of 300 years.
d. Two million slaves may have died of disease and mistreatment as they crossed the Atlantic.

6. Which change took place in the African slave trade in the 1500s?
a. Enslaved people were sent to the Americas by Spanish and Portuguese as laborers.
b. Enslaved people were sold by African kings to increase their personal wealth.
c. Enslaved people were sold to the Ottoman Empire as household servants and agricultural workers.
d. England, France, and the Netherlands made the slave trade illegal.