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CHEMISTRY Topic: Soaps and Detergents

Formulate the equation for obtaining a soap: sodium oleate
Formulate the equation for obtaining a detergent: sodium sulphonate
How soaps and detergents differ

For answer any of those questions, i am going to give you the correct answer

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Answer:

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Explanation:

A. Sodium oleate

You make sodium oleate by neutralizing oleic acid with sodium hydroxide.

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH=CHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH + NaOH ⟶ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH=CHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH + H₂O

B. Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is prepared by the neutralization of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid with sodium hydroxide.

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C₆H₄SO₂OH + NaOH ⟶ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C₆H₄SO₂ONa + H₂O

C. Difference between soaps and detergents

(i) Soap

  • Made from natural ingredients
  • Surfactant — polar head, nonpolar tail
  • Has only a negative end
  • Limited applications
  • Needs warm water to work
  • Leaves film after washing
  • Forms a precipitate in hard water

(ii) Detergent

  • Made synthetically
  • Surfactant — polar head, nonpolar tail
  • Can have negative or positive end
  • Can be designed for many types of cleaning purposes
  • Works on both hot and cold water
  • Rinses clear
  • No precipitate in hard water

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