'Puritans had certain beliefs about women in society shaping colonial attitudes toward female writers'. It is an example of fused sentence.
A fused sentence incorrectly joins two independent clauses with no punctuation consequently involved, the reader doesn't know where one thought ends and another begins. Fused sentences are a type of run-on sentence, a long sentence that is difficult to read and confuses the reader. Fused sentences typically lack or misuse prepositional phrases, conjunctions, or punctuation marks between the independent clauses.
Therefore, second option is the correct answer.
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