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The Scientist Experiments

by Stacy Lewis

(1) Scientists study the world around us. (2) One way that scientists do their jobs is by conducting experiments. (3) The experiments that scientists conduct are like tests that they perform. (4) Experiments help scientists learn how things happen in our world and why things happen in our world. (5) For example, a botanist, a type of scientist who studies plants, a botanist would perform experiments related to plants.

(6) Here is an example of a basic, meaningful experiment that a botanist might conduct. (7) The materials required are a seed, a pot of soil, and water. (8) First, the scientist plants a seed in the soil. (9) She then places the pot on a window sill, or a similarly sunny place where it can soak in the sun. (10) She waters the seed every day, watches for changes. (11) And then she dutifully records what happens. (12) After thirty days, she measures both the plant's height and weight, as well as also measuring the number of leaves it has grown.

(13) Next, she repeats the same steps with another seed, excepting that she only waters the second seed once a week this time. (14) Again, she takes records of the plant's growth and makes the same measurements. (15) Then she compares her results, hoping to figure out the impact of daily watering on plants. (16) Does regular watering make plants healthy and tall, or does it not matter? (17) Her results can help to reveal the answers to such queries.

Question 18 (3.5 points)

In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 4 (reprinted below)?

Experiments help scientists learn how things happen in our world and why things happen in our world.
Question 18 options:

A. learn not only how but also why the things that happen do in our world.

B. learn both how as well as why things happen in our world.

C. learn how, and at the same time, why, things happen in our world.

D. learn how, but not why, things happen in our world.

learn how and why things happen in our world.

In the original sentence, there is a wordiness problem. Wordiness happens when writers use more words than necessary to say something. It can involve repetition of terms - which is the case here - or redundant expressions. In the sentence "Experiments help scientists learn how things happen in our world and why things happen in our world," there should be no need to repeat the phrase "things happen in our world". All we must do is find a way to say the same thing, but using that phrase only once. We must try to keep it simple; it will be of no use if we remove that phrase but add too many words in its place.

Letter A - is not totally incorrect, but it also has a wordiness problem;

Letter B - is incorrect; there is no need to use "both" and "as well as" together;

Letter C - same as A, too many words;

Letter D - incorrect; changes the original meaning when it uses "but not why";

Letter E - is perfect. It uses the phrase "things happen in our world" only once and keeps the connection simple by employing the conjunction "and".