The Homestead Act gave a white intrusion of into the previously reserved Indian territory of Oklahoma. Also during The Homestead Act, Indian attacks were rare. Many new settlers gave the Indians food and goods to keep the peace. Yet fraud was common and most of the best land went to railroads and other corporations. By the late 1860's the numbers of buffalo had declined. To which many Great Plains Indian tribes such as Kiowas needed in order to survive. The Union Pacific hired hunters to kill buffalo in order to feed their hungry railroad workers as they built their railway across Indian lands. The Cheyenne, Arapho and Lakota Indians did not like this rail-way going through their land and much less hoarding of buffalo. So they invaded freight cars, de-railed trains and, caused wars with surveying crews. Leaving the Union Pacific behind schedule.
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