Let x be the age of the teacher.
We know that 7x is a three digit number.
Writing 6 after this number means to multiply this number by 10 (this adds a zero after the number) and then add 6.
So, we actually only need the last information:
[tex]\underbrace{70x+6}_{\text{10 times the 3 digits number plus 6}} = \underbrace{7x+1833}_{\text{the 3 digits number increased by 1833}}[/tex]
Solving this equation is quite trivial: subtract 7x and 6 from both sides and you get
[tex] 63x = 1827 \iff x = 29 [/tex]
This is indeed a two digit number, and if you multiply it by 6 it becomes 174, a three digits number.