The market-clearing price for cantaloupes is the price at which the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded. If the market price is too high, then there is a surplus. If the market price is too low, then there is a shortage.
A market-clearning price is defined as the price of a good or service where the quantity supplied is equal to the quantity demanded. Since this is the definition, it explains the pricing that is set and demanded for the cantaloupes. A surplus is when there are left over amounts of a good or service after those in demand are taken care of. A shortage happens when there is not enough of something that is being demanded.
