Phases of cell cycle:
Cell cycle typically has four phases which are mentioned as under:
1) G1 phase
2) S phase
3) G2 phase
4) M phase
Phenotype & genotype :
Phenotype is how an organism looks morphologically.
Genotype is defined as the set of allelic pairs (genes) that an organism has for a particular character/trait.
DNA replication:
DNA replication is a process in which an exact replica of a chromosome is synthesized during S phase of cell cycle. Various enzymes like helicase, DNA polymerases etc. and structural components like nucleotides are required during DNA replication.
Transcription:
Transcription is a process in which message from a DNA is encoded in the form of an RNA for gene expression i.e. for protein synthesis (translation). Various RNA polymerases facilitate transcription.
Translation:
The process of protein synthesis for gene expression is known as translation. Various RNAs like mRNA, tRNA and rRNA facilitate this process.
Mitosis & meiosis:
Mitosis : It is a process in which a cell divides to form its exact replica thereby producing two identical cells. It occurs in somatic cells.
Meiosis: It is a process in which a diploid cell divides to form 4 haploid daughter cells. It occurs in germ cells.
