A normal strand of DNA is shown below, followed by the same strand of DNA after mutations have occurred. Identify the mutation and the effect it would have on protein synthesis.

A) This mutation is a point mutation resulting from a base substitution. This would results in the different reading of the one codon affected by the mutation, causing the substitution of a different amino acid in an otherwise unaltered protein.
B) This mutation is a deletion mutation resulting in a frameshift. This would result in a different reading of the codons following the mutation, causing a different translation from the original strand. The protein being created could be abnormally short, abnormally long, and will most likely not be functional.
C) This mutation is an addition mutation resulting in a frameshift. This would result in a different reading of the codons following the mutation, causing a different translation from the original strand. The protein being created could be abnormally short, abnormally long, and will most likely not be functional.
D) This mutation is a substitution mutation resulting in a frameshift. This would result in a different reading of the codons following the mutation, causing a different translation from the original strand. The protein being created could be abnormally short, abnormally long, and will most likely not be functional.

B) This mutation is a deletion mutation resulting in a frameshift. This would result in a different reading of the codons following the mutation, causing a different translation from the original strand. The protein being created could be abnormally short, abnormally long, and will most likely not be functional.

Frameshift mutations, depending on their placement, tend to create massive changes in protein structure by changing all of the codons following the mutation. Frameshift mutations are apparent in severe genetic diseases such as Tay–Sachs disease and they increase susceptibility to certain cancers and classes of familial high cholesterol levels.