Answer: D) Institute land reform and relax trade restrictions with Europeans.
Explanation:
In the early Ming, the Hongwu Emperor forced strict restrictions on trade, but by the late Ming, the state relaxed those policies and the Ming dynasty got involved in a flourishing trade with both Europe and Japan.
Since the start of the Ming dynasty, distribution of land to peasants was a key goal, developed through forced migration, public works projects, and the reduction of the demands for forced labor on the peasantry. Some lands were given to young farmers, and it was stated that those who brought unproductive land to cultivation could own it without taxes.
