The correct answer is "c)recapturing the holy land". The area known as the Middle East today was referred to as the Holy Land in the 11th century. The Christians used to make pilgrimages to the Holy Land, where their religion was born. But after the Turks took control of Jerusalem, the Christians lost the access to the area. When the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I seek for help to deal with the Turks, Pope Urban saw an opportunity to take back the Holy Land. So, on November 27, 1095, Pope Urban made de speech that started the Crusades against Muslins.
