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A cation (+) will be smaller than its neutral atom, while anion (-) will be larger than its neutral atom.

Relationship that could exist between anion, cation and their neutral atom is that ; Anion will always be bigger while anion will be smaller compare with their neutral atom.

  • The formation of cation always involve the loss of electron(s), then in thus case the number of proton is now more, and the electron will be strongly attracted by the nucleus which will then be pulled inward.         Then the size of Cation will now becomes smaller compare with neutral atom.
  • anions are larger compare with the corresponding neutral atom, formation of anion involve gaining of electron,  and when electron is added there will be increase in number of electron-electron repulsion interactions which has taken place,

              as result of this there will be decrease in effective nuclear charge.

Therefore, Cation always small compare with neutral atom

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