The correct answers are:
1. clause necessary to the meanings of the words modified: RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE. The meaning depends on the restriction imposed by this clause. Ex. My brother who is 18 lives in Buenos Aires. (I have many brothers, but I’m talking about the one who is 18)
2. contains at least two independent clause: COMPOUND SENTENCE. Each of the clauses can stand on their own. Ex. Mike was handsome, but he was not smart.
3. contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses: COMPLEX SENTENCE. The dependent clauses cannot stand on their own. Ex. My brother who is 18 lives in Buenos Aires, which is the capital city of Argentina.
4. has one subject and one predicate, and expresses a complete thought: SIMPLE SENTENCE. Ex. The cat is under the table.
5. a verb form used as another part of speech: VERBAL. Inside this category are gerunds and participles. See examples below.
6. a verb form ending in -ing used as an adjective: PARTICIPLE. Ex. My BROKEN arm hurts.
7. a verb form ending in -ing used as a noun: GERUND. Ex. I like RUNNING. in this case “running” could be replaced by a noun, so it is occupying its place).
8. a verb form preceded by to, used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb: INFINITIVE. Ex. To be smart, you need to study. In the first case “To be smart” is an adverbial infinitive. But in the second example, “ to study” is a nominal infinitive.
9. in, with, across, beside, etc. : PREPOSITIONS
