Answer:
A. when the mass has a displacement of zero
Explanation:
The velocity of a mass on a spring can be calculated by using the law of conservation of energy. In fact, the total energy of the mass-spring system is equal to the sum of the elastic potential energy (U) of the spring and the kinetic energy (K) of the mass:
[tex]E=U+K=\frac{1}{2}kx^2 + \frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]
where
k is the spring constant
x is the displacement of the mass with respect to the equilibrium position of the spring
m is the mass
v is the velocity of the mass
Since the total energy E must remain constant, we can notice the following:
- When the displacement is zero (x=0), the velocity must be maximum, because U=0 so K is maximum
- When the displacement is maximum, the velocity must be minimum (zero), because U is maximum and K=0
Based on these observations, we can conclude that the velocity of the mass is at its maximum value when the displacement is zero, so the correct option is A.
Option (A) is correct. The spring-mass system has the maximum velocity when the displacement of the mass is zero.
Further Explanation:
A spring mass system oscillating with small amplitude is considered to be executing simple harmonic motion. The energy of he spring mass system during its oscillation remains conserved.
When the spring is completely compressed, the whole energy of the system is stored in the form of spring potential energy and as the spring starts to come to its natural length, the spring potential energy starts to convert to the kinetic energy of the mass.
When the spring crosses its natural length and stretches further, again the mass losses its energy and spring potential energy is stored until the mass stops and complete kinetic energy is converted into spring potential energy.
At any point, the energy of the spring mass system can be expressed as:
[tex]\begin{aligned}{E_{total}}&= KE + PE\\&=\frac{1}{2}m{v^2} + \frac{1}{2}k{x^2}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
Now, in order to obtain the maximum velocity during its motion, the mass should have the whole of the energy of the system I the form of kinetic energy. To maximize the kinetic energy, the spring potential energy should be zero.
The spring potential energy of the system will be zero at the natural length of the spring or at the point where the displacement of the mass is zero from the natural lengthy of the spring.
Thus, option (A) is correct. The spring-mass system has the maximum velocity when the displacement of the mass is zero.
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Answer Details:
Grade: Middle School
Subject: Physics
Chapter: Spring-mass system
Keywords:
Spring-mass system, spring potential energy, kinetic energy of mass, total energy, natural length, compressed, maximum speed, displacement zero, maximum kinetic energy.
