Some african nations have maintained close relationships with their former colonial rulers primarily because (1) economic and cultural ties remain strong (2) african leaders are unwilling to tackle problems on their own (3) outside nations do not provide assistance to african nations (4) most africans want to keep their dual citizenship7. in the early days of independence, a major problem for many african nations was a (1) shortage of skilled technical workers (2) scarcity of natural resources (3) lack of water for hydroelectric power (4) reluctance to accept economic aid from the united nations