A television commercial for Prime mouthwash shows a young man at a night club approaching a group of women. As he opens his mouth to introduce himself, the women get up from their seats and leave. The ad's caption reads, "Do you suffer from bad breath?" This is an example of
a) A fear appeal.
b) An irrational appeal.
c) Comparative advertising.
d) A refutational appeal.
e) Noncognitive advertising.