A patient with multiple fractures has casts that make it difficult to move voluntarily. The nurse notices red skin in the spinal area that blanches on applying pressure. What measures does the nurse take to decrease the risk of development of pressure ulcers in this patient?
1) Frequent repositioning of the patient
2) Using pressure-relieving devices such as cushions or mattresses
3) Keeping the skin clean and dry
4) Ensuring proper nutrition and hydration
5) Avoiding friction and shear forces on the skin