An activating mutation of components in which signaling pathway would result in excessive cell proliferation?
a. The cyclin/cyclin dependent kinase (CDKs) system.
b. The proteasome system.
c. The testosterone (steroid) receptor pathway.
d. The mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.
e. The phosphatidlinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway.