Ketamine is very lipid soluble and quickly crosses from the placenta to the fetus. Induction doses of 0.5-1 mg/kg, however, do not compromise neonatal status at delivery. Uterine blood flow is maintained as well as uterine tone. Induction doses of 2-2.5 mg/kg result in a depressed neonate upon delivery. Neither glycopyrrolate nor muscle relaxants cross the placenta. What is the effect of induction doses of ketamine on neonatal status at delivery?
1) No effect
2) Maintains uterine blood flow
3) Depresses neonate
4) Increases uterine tone