Adipose tissue can secrete TNF-a. TNF-a is measured at lower levels in individuals with periodontal disease.
a. TNF-a levels are higher in individuals with periodontal disease because of the inflammatory response in the gum tissue.
b. Adipose tissue is not directly related to periodontal disease, and the lower levels of TNF-a may be due to other factors.
c. The presence of bacteria in the adipose tissue may affect TNF-a secretion and contribute to the lower levels in individuals with periodontal disease.
d. Other factors, such as genetics or lifestyle habits, may influence TNF-a levels in individuals with periodontal disease.