In December, a marketing manager at the Valiant Company reviewed the transcripts of customer focus groups that a consultant had conducted the previous February as part of a different research project. Select the response that correctly identifies whether Valiant's marketing manager conducted primary or secondary research in December and whether the focus groups are a qualitative or quantitative data collection method.
a. primary research qualitative
b. primary research quantitative
c. secondary research qualitative
d. secondary research quantitative