What have the courts ruled about quotas as a part of affirmative action programs?
a. Courts have confirmed their usefulness in correcting past failures.
b. Courts have restricted the use of quotas to certain occupations with severe obstacles to overcome.
c. Courts have ruled the quotas unconstitutional and condemned companies for using them.
d. Courts have supported the use of quotas on a wide basis throughout the United States.
e. Courts have ruled quotas unconstitutional but commended their purpose.