madeline and jim both want to borrow $50,000 as a personal loan from the bank. madeline works for a small start-up company, and her annual earnings depend on how the company performs that year. jim works for a long-established company. he receives a stable salary, with a bonus if the company performs well during the year. assume that the duration and the costs of making both loans are the same. if all else is constant, the bank would most likely charge a lower interest rate to