Read the excerpt from Chapter 2 of Wheels of Change .

Smith blamed the bicycle for the downfall of women's health, morals, and religious devotion. Her accusations brought a swift and impassioned response. The Reverend Dr. A. Stewart Walsh, a respected clergyman in New York City and a cyclist himself, wrote a letter to the editor of the Brooklyn Eagle declaring, "I have associated with thousands of riders . . . and I have not seen among them . . . anything that could begin to approach the outrageous and scandalous indecency of the resolutions of the alleged rescue league."
NEED ASAP!!
The underlined portion of the excerpt is best characterized as a

short-term effect of Smith’s activism to promote regulations on women riding bicycles.
short-term effect of Smith’s attempts to limit women’s use of the bicycle.
long-term effect of Smith’s advocacy for more conservative cycling clothes for women.
long-term effect of Smith’s anti-bicycle activism aimed at women.