madonna blackboard.com UUESTION In Drosophila melanogaster loss-of-function mutations in either Pink or Parkin show similar phenotypes including impaired ability to fly male sterility, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Transgenic overexpression of Parkin in mutants lacking Pinkt significantly ameliorates the loss-of-function phenotype, but overexpression of Pinkt carnot rescue the Parkin loss-of-function phenotype. According to these findings, which protein is more likely to act upstream of the other one? Assuming that the Parkin loss-of-function phenotype is merely due to defects in autophagy, would you expect Pariin overexpression to also rescue an ATG loss of function phenotype?
O Parin acts upstream of Pink 1: yes
O Parkin acts upstream of Pinkt: no
O Pink1 acts upstream of Parking yes
O Pink1 acts upstream of Parkin; no

QUESTIONS How can the formation of tubular structures, as opposed to spherical vesicles, in the early endosomes facilitate recycling of membrane proteins such as cell-surface receptors?
O By increasing surface area-to-volume ratio
O By decreasing surface area to volume ratio
O By enhancing the formation of intralumenal vesicles
O By preventing the formation of intralumeral vesicles

QUESTION 9 During maturation of sy ondosomes to late endosomes....
O the vacuolar domain of the end some is shed, whereas the tubular domain is retained
O the endosome migrates along tin filaments away from the cell interior
O the lumen of the ondosome becomes more acidic.
O intrumental vesicles disappear
O All of the above

15 QUESTION 10 Insulin is a secretory protein made by the cells in the pancreas. This protein.
O is released by the cells in response to increased intracelular Ca2+ concentration
O is first synthesized as preprosin
O is stored as aggregates inside secretory vesicles in the cells
O undergoes proteolytic cleavage before secretion
O All of the above
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