Which of the following is considered to be a disadvantage of the phylogenetic species concept?
a. A disadvantage of the phylogenetic species concept is that it leads to the recognition of many more species, a number of which are not easily distinguishable based on morphology.
b. The phylogenetic species approach may lead to recognition of many more species than either the morphospecies or biological species concepts. c. Under the phylogenetic species concept, species are defined as the smallest monophyletic groups on the tree of life. Phylogenetic species are made up of populations that share one or more synapomorphies.
d. The phylogenetic species concept has two distinct advantages: (1) It can be applied to any population (fossil, asexual, or sexual), and (2) it is logical because different species have different synapomorphies only if they are isolated from gene flow and have evolved independently.