Name:
LITERARY/TEXT ELEMENTS RHETORICAL APPEALS
DIRECTIONS: Read the passage below. Then, answer the questions.
1 What is noble about the lack of gender diversity among Nobel Prize winners? Not much.
Between 1901 and 2018, more than 900 people have been awarded Nobel Prizes. Only 52
of those honorees have been women. Of these 52 women, only 21 were awarded
science-related prizes. Obviously, the Nobel Committee must dedicate itself to ensuring
that future winners reflect gender diversity. After all, the Earth is nearly 50 percent
female.
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2 It is clear that implicit bias is to blame for the lack of representation in the winners' circle.
In the past, powerful men have taken credit for the ideas and efforts of their female
colleagues. Although such behavior is less likely today, we still see gender disparities in the
sciences. In 2018, Donna Strickland won the Nobel Prize in Physics, the first woman to do
so since 1963. Marie Curie is the only other woman to hold an award in physics. She won
the prize in 1903 only at the behest of her husband and fellow honoree, Pierre Curie.
3 According to National Geographic, between 1924 and 1965, Lise Meitner was nominated
for the physics prize 29 times and the chemistry prize another 18 times. Despite her role
in discovering nuclear fission, Meitner never won a Nobel Prize. Now is the time for
more recognition of women's accomplishments in science. The American Physical
Society concluded that in 1965, the last year Lise Meitner was nominated for a Nobel
Prize, women earned about 5 percent of bachelor's degrees in physics. Today, that
number is about 20 percent. If we continue to encourage young women to explore careers
in science, we may see a rise in the number of female Nobel Prize winners as well.
1. Restate the speaker's claim..
2. What type of appeal does the evidence in paragraph I create?
3. Give an example of pathos in paragraph 2, and explain how it supports the claim.
4. Explain where and how the speaker uses ethos to support the claim.
5. In paragraph 3, in what way does the speaker identify or directly address the audience?
6. Is kairos used in the passage? Explain your answer..