Supreme Court receive what can amount to lifetime appointments which, by constitutional design, helps ensure the Court's independence from the President and Congress. Political considerations usually play an important role in the appointment of Supreme Court judges. For example, it is often assumed that presidents tend to vote for candidates who are consistent with their political or ideological views This process is particularly obvious when the President presents conflicting views to candidates, there are an obvious party or ideological differences between the president and the Senate, or the outcome of important constitutional issues before the court are threatened. In addition, a recurring theme in the Supreme Court appointment process for more than two centuries is the requirement of candidates for professional excellence. As a judge in the U.S. Court of Appeals. Personal integrity and impartiality are also important criteria for the president to select candidates for the court. During the last presidential election, the rate at which the president selects vacant candidates changed. The president can announce his intention to nominate a specific candidate within days from the date of publication of the position, or announce the candidate within weeks or months. Factors affecting the speed of presidential election candidates include the president's prior announcement of the resignation of judges and the announcement of the resignation of judges during the calendar year. In rare cases, the president was summoned to court without the consent of the Senate, and was during the recess of the Senate. However, these "retirement dates" are temporary, and his term of expires at the end of the next Senate session. Sometimes the appointments are considered controversial because they bypass the Senate and its role of "advisor and approval. "The last appointment of during the hiatus was in 1958, when President Eisenhower appointed Potter Stewart as a deputy judge in (Judge Stewart was confirmed by the Senate in the